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Di Yu
| 0.67% | |
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Pinyin: Di Yu
Chinese: 地榆
Pharmaceutical: Radix Sanguisorbae
English: Garden Burnet Root / Burnet Bloodwort Root |
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Tastes: Bitter, sour, astringent
Meridians Entered: Liver and Large Intestine |
Actions & Indications:
- Cools the Blood and stops bleeding
Bleeding due to Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao with hemafecia, bleeding hemorrhoids, bloody dysentery and excessive uterine bleeding
Blood Heat with epistaxis and hematemesis
- Clears Toxic Heat, astringes fluids and generates flesh
Sores, ulcers, and burns (topical) It reduces oozing by astringing and regenerates flesh
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Standard Dosage: 10-15g in decoction.
Cautions: It is cool, sour and astringent in property. Take with cautions when applying it to cold-deficiency hematochezia, alv. laxat, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, and bleeding with blood stasis. It is better not to be applied externally for those who suffer from burning of a large area so as to prevent toxic hepatitis due to absorption of the tannin it contains. |
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Dang Gui
| 0.91% | |
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Pinyin: Dang Gui
Chinese: 當歸
Pharmaceutical: Radix Angelicae sinensis
Taxonomy: Angelica sinensis
English: Chinese Angelica Root / Tang-Kuei / Dong Quai Root |
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Tastes: Sweet, Pungent, Warm
Meridians Entered: Heart and Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Tonifies the Blood and regulates the menses
Blood Deficiency, especially when affecting the Heart and Liver with pale, ashen complexion, lusterless nails, tinnitus, blurred vision and palpitations
Blood Deficiency associated irregular menstruation, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea
- Invigorates and harmonizes the Blood and disperses Cold (stops pain due to Blood Stasis)
Blood Stasis causing abdominal pain and carbuncles and pain due to Blood Stasis from traumatic injury, especially when accompanied by Deficiency Cold
Postpartum menstruation
Pregnancy (use with caution)
Blood Deficiency with chronic Wind-Damp-Bi
- Moistens the Intestines and unblocks the bowels
Dry Intestines due to Blood Deficiency
- Reduces swelling, expels pus, generates flesh and alleviates pain
Sores and abscess (Chuang Yung), internally and topically
- Stops coughing and treats dyspnea
Used adjunctively for coughing
- Tonifies the Blood while suppressing Parasites
Gu Sydnrome (Fruehauf, 1998)
Chronic inflammatory disease (Fruehauf, 2015)
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Standard Dosage: 6-12g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated in cases of Damp-Heat stagnating in the Middle, Lung Heat with Phlegm Fire, and Yin deficiency with effulgent Yang because it is warm and sweet in properties. In addition, it should be used with caution in cases of loose stool because it can moisten intestines to smooth stool.
Many sources recommend using caution, avoiding or only taking under guidance of a TCM physician during pregnancy as it can cause uterine contractions. However, there are no studies supporting this and the only scientific literature seems to suggest that Z-Ligustilide has anti-spasmodic activities that alleviate dysmenorrhoea by inhibiting uterine contractions (Du et al., 2006; Dietz et al., 2016).
Caution is also advised in breast cancer patients due to its oestrogen stimulating activity. This based upon Lau et al (2005) who found it may stimulate breast cancer growth in vitro, however Yue et al, (2019) demonstrated that it is not that stimulatory in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo through a series of tests, although they suggested it should still be used with caution in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Conversely, a large population study in Taiwan by Wu et al (2014) found it reduced the subsequent risk of endometrial cancer in breast cancer survivors taking tamoxifen, especially in those of reproductive age. |
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Huang Lian
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Huang Lian
Chinese: 黄连
Pharmaceutical: Rhizoma Coptidis
Taxonomy: Coptidis chinensis
English: Coptis Rhizome / Goldthread Rhizome |
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Tastes: Bitter, cold
Meridians Entered: Heart, Stomach, Large Intestine and Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Clears Heat and drains Dampness
Damp-Heat in the Stomach or Intestines with diarrhoea or dysenteric disorder
Stomach Heat with vomiting and/or acid regurgitation
- Drains Fire and resolves Fire toxicity
Heat with Blazing Fire (Toxic Heat) with high fever. irritability, disorientation, delirium, a red tongue and a rapid, full pulse
Heat from Excess with toxicity: painful, red eyes and a sore throat
Boils, carbuncles and abscesses (Chuang Yung)
- Clears Heat and stops bleeding
Blood Heat with epistaxis, hematuria, hemafecia and hemoptysis
- Clears Heat topically
Infected wounds, red and painful eyes, ulcerations of the tongue and mouth (topical)
- Clears Heart Fire (sedative)
Heart Fire
Lack of communication between the Heart and Kidneys
- Drains Stomach Fire
Stomach Fire
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, improve memory. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 2-10g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated for deficiency-cold syndrome. Because its taste is extremly bitter and dryness, overdosage and long-time taking will impair spleen and stomach, yin and fluids. |
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Mu Bie Zi
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Mu Bie Zi
Chinese: 木鳖子
Pharmaceutical: Semen Momordicae
English: Cochin Bitter Melon Seeds |
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Tastes: Bitter, slightly sweet, warm, toxic
Meridians Entered: Liver, Spleen and Kidney |
Actions & Indications:
- Resolves toxicity and reduces swellings
Topically for toxic swellings, breast abscesses, non-healing sores and scrofula
Hemorrhoids
- Reduces swelling and invigorates the Blood
Topically for swelling and pain due falls, fractures, contusions and sprains
Topically for low back pain due to Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao
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Standard Dosage: 0.6-1.2g as powder or pills.
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Xue Yu Tan
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Xue Yu Tan
Chinese: 血余炭
Pharmaceutical: Crinis Hominis adustus
English: Charred Human Hair |
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Tastes: Bitter, astringent, neutral
Meridians Entered: Liver and Stomach |
Actions & Indications:
- Astringes leakage of Blood and stops bleeding
Bleeding, especially epistaxis and uterine bleeding
- Tonifies Yin and promotes urination
Blood Lin
- Eliminates Blood Stasis
Blood Stasis
- Generates flesh and resolves sores
Topically for sores or burns that have already ulcerated
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Standard Dosage: 6-10g in decoction, 1.5-3g as powder.
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Ban Bian Lian
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Ban Bian Lian
Chinese: 半边莲
Pharmaceutical: Herba Lobeliae chinensis
Taxonomy: Lobelia chinensis
English: Chinese Lobelia Herb |
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Tastes: Slightly bitter, sweet, bland, cold
Meridians Entered: Heart and Bladder |
Actions & Indications:
- Promotes urination and reduces edema
Edema, especially floating edema
Ascites
End-stage schistosomiasis
- Clears Heat, cools the Blood and reduces toxicity (internally and topically)
Herb of choice for snakebites and wasp and bee stings (internally and topically)
Blood Heat
Toxic Fire such as tonsillitis
Often used in cancer formulas
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Standard Dosage: 10-15g in decoction.
Cautions: It should be avoided using in treating patients with edema due to deficiency. |
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Huang Bai
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Huang Bai
Chinese: 黄柏
Pharmaceutical: Cortex Phellodendri
Taxonomy: Phellodendron amurense seu chinense
English: Amur Corktree Bark |
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Tastes: Bitter, cold
Meridians Entered: Liver, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, Kidney and Bladder |
Actions & Indications:
- Drains Damp-Heat especially from the Lower Jiao
Thick, yellow vaginal discharge, foul smelling diarrhoea or dysenteric disorder
Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao
Hot Leg Qi with red, swollen, painful knees, legs or feet
Damp-Heat jaundice
- Drains Kidney Fire (False Heat, Deficiency Heat)
Kidney Yin Deficiency with Empty Fire Rising (steaming bone disorder, night sweats, afternoon fevers and sweating, occasionally with nocturnal emissions and spermatorrhea)
- Drains Fire and relieves Fire toxicity
Toxic sores and Damp-skin lesions (internally and topically)
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Standard Dosage: 6-10g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated for deficiency-cold syndrome. Overdosage and long-time taking will impair spleen and stomach. |
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Zi Cao
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Zi Cao
Chinese: 紫草
Pharmaceutical: Radix Lithospermi seu Arnebiae
English: Purple Gromwell Root / Chinese Stoneseed Root |
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Tastes: Bitter, pungent, cold
Meridians Entered: Heart and Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Clears Heat, cools the Blood, invigorates Blood circulation, relieves Fire toxins and encourages rashes
Xue Stage Heat, Blood Heat, Toxic Heat and dark purple rashes (measles, chicken pox)
- Moistens the Intestines, unblocks the bowels and promotes urination
Blood Heat constipation and rashes accompanied by constipation and/or urinary dysfunction
- Clears Damp-Heat from the skin (aids healing of tissues)
Damp-Heat skin lesions or vaginal itching topically Burns and wounds topically
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Standard Dosage: 5-10g in decoction. For external use it is usually soaked in oil.
Cautions: It is contraindicated in cases of diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, for its defecation-promoting action.
In the UK it is prohibited for internal use due to pyrrolizidine alkaloid content. External use is still permitted. |
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Jin Yin Hua
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Jin Yin Hua
Chinese: 金银花
Pharmaceutical: Flos Lonicerae japonicae
Taxonomy: Lonicera japonica
English: Honeysuckle Flower |
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Tastes: Pungent, slightly bitter, cold
Meridians Entered: Lung, heart, stomach and large intestine |
Actions & Indications:
- Clears Heat and resolves Fire Toxicity
Hot, painful sores and skin eruptions in various stages of development, especially breast, throat and eyes
Intestinal abscesses
- Vents and disperses External Wind-Heat
Early-Stage Wind-Heat Warm-Heat pathogen with fever, chills, slight aversion to Wind, sore throat and headache
External Summerheat
- Clears Damp-Heat from the Lower Jiao
Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao with dysentery or Lin Syndrome
- Cools the Blood and stops bleeding (charred)
Blood Heat dysentery
- Releases the Exterior and Drives Out Snakes
Gu Sydnrome (Fruehauf, 1998)
Chronic inflammatory disease (Fruehauf, 2015)
Mysterious bruises due to Ghost Strike (鬼擊) (Wilcox, 2024)
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Standard Dosage: 6-30g in decoction. Small doses are for expelling Wind-Heat, large doses for Toxic Heat sores. Can be up to 90g in extreme cases (e.g. Si Miao Yong An Tang).
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Hong Hua
| 0.90% | |
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Pinyin: Hong Hua
Chinese: 红花
Pharmaceutical: Flos Carthami
English: Safflower |
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Tastes: Pungent, warm
Meridians Entered: Heart and Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Invigorates the Blood, dispels Blood Stasis, opens the channels, unblocks menstruation and alleviates pain
Blood Stasis, especially in women for gynecological problems such as abdominal pain, amenorrhea, postpartum dizziness, retained lochia and abdominal masses
Trauma, non suppurative sores, carbuncles and dark, purplish erythema
Incomplete expression of rash of measles
Chest Bi due to Blood Stasis
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Standard Dosage: 3-10g in decoction.
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Mu Gua
| 0.67% | |
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Pinyin: Mu Gua
Chinese: 木瓜
Pharmaceutical: Fructus Chaenomelis
Taxonomy: Chaenomeles sinensis syn. Pseudocydonia sinensis
English: Chinese Quince Fruit |
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Tastes: Sour, warm
Meridians Entered: Liver and Spleen |
Actions & Indications:
- Relaxes the sinews (increases Qi and Blood circulation) and unblocks the channels
Damp painful obstruction in the extremities, especially with severe cramping pain and weakness in the low back and legs
- Harmonizes the Stomach, nourishes the Liver and transforms Dampness
Abdominal pain, spasms, calf cramps and oedema due to “leg Qi”. It is especially good for disharmony between the Liver and Spleen leading to leg problems
- Reduces Food Stagnation
Food Stagnation
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Standard Dosage: 6-10g in decoction.
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Huang Qin
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Huang Qin
Chinese: 黄芩
Pharmaceutical: Radix Scutellariae baicalensis
Taxonomy: Scutellaria baicalensis
English: Baical Skullcap Root |
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Tastes: Bitter, cold
Meridians Entered: Lung, Stomach, Gallbladder, Large Intestine and Bladder |
Actions & Indications:
- Clears Heat and dries Dampness
Damp-Heat in the Stomach or Intestines with diarrhoea or dysenteric disorder
Damp-Warmth with fever, a stifling sensation in the chest and thirst with no desire to drink
Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao with painful urinary dysfunction
Damp-Heat jaundice (auxiliary), infectious hepatitis
- Drains Fire and detoxifies
Heat and Fire especially in the Upper Jiao (Lung) with high fever, irritability, thirst, cough and expectoration of thick, yellow sputum
Upper respiratory tract infection
Hot sores and swellings (topical or internal)
- Cools the Blood and stops bleeding
Xue Stage Heat or Blood Heat causing bleeding with epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis and hemafecia
- Clears Heat and calms the fetus
Fetal restlessness due to Heat
- Calms ascending Liver Yang
Liver Yang Rising with headache, irritability, red eyes, flushed face and bitter taste
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Gallbladder Heat
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Standard Dosage: 5-15g in decoction.
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Chuan Xiong
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Chuan Xiong
Chinese: 川芎
Pharmaceutical: Rhizoma Ligusticum
Taxonomy: Ligusticum chuanxiong syn. striatum syn. wallichii
English: Sichuan Lovage root / Cnidium root |
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Tastes: Pungent, warm
Meridians Entered: Liver and Pericardium |
Actions & Indications:
- Invigorates the Blood and promotes the movement of Qi
Blood Stasis, especially in gynecology with dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, difficult labor or retained lochia
Qi and Blood Stagnation with pain and soreness in the chest, flanks and hypochondria
- Expels Wind and alleviates pain
Externally contracted Wind with headache, dizziness or painful obstruction (Bi Syndrome) - especially useful for headaches due to Wind-Heat, Wind-Cold or Blood Deficiency (depending on the combination)
Wind skin disorders
- Relieves the symptoms of Gu Syndrome while suppressing parasites (Fruehauf, 1998)
Chronic inflammatory disease (Fruehauf, 2015)
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Standard Dosage: 3-10g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated for headache due to Liver Yang rising or Yin deficiency with effulgent Fire because of its warm and dry properties.
Use with caution during pregnancy or in those who bruise or bleed easily.
May have synergistic effects in those taking anticoagulant drugs. |
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Wu Mei
| 0.10% | |
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Pinyin: Wu Mei
Chinese: 烏梅
Pharmaceutical: Fructus Mume
Taxonomy: Prunus mume
English: Black Plum |
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Tastes: Sour, astringent, neutral
Meridians Entered: Liver, Spleen, Lung, and Large Intestine |
Actions & Indications:
- Astringes leakage of Lung Qi, stops leakage of sweat and stops coughs
Chronic Lung Deficiency coughs, dysphagia, regurgitation
- Generates Yin and Yang fluids and alleviates thirst
Thirst due to Heat from Deficiency Qi and Yin Deficiency
Wasting and thirsting (消渴 Xiao Ke) disorder due to Deficiency Heat
- Expels roundworms and alleviates pain
Roundworm induced vomiting and abdominal pain
Occasionally used for abdominal pain and vomiting not associated with parasites
- Astringes the Intestines and stops diarrhoea
Chronic, incessant diarrhoea or dysentery and fecal incontinence and hemafecia (can be used alone charred for these purposes)
Rectal prolapse
- Stops bleeding
Bleeding (hemafecia, and excessive uterine bleeding) with symptoms of Blood Deficiency (Dryness, thirst and a parched mouth
Can be used alone charred and powdered for bleeding from the vagina, anus or urethra
- Treat corns and warts topically
Corns and warts
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Standard Dosage: 3-10g in decoction, but can be up to 30g.
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Ru Xiang
| 0.90% | |
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Pinyin: Ru Xiang
Chinese: 乳香
Pharmaceutical: Olibanum
Taxonomy: Boswellia serrata
English: Frankincense |
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Tastes: Pungent, bitter, warm
Meridians Entered: Liver, Heart and Spleen |
Actions & Indications:
- Invigorates the Blood and promotes the movement of Qi
Pain due to Blood Stasis from traumatic injury
Early stage toxic sores, carbuncles, swellings and pain
Blood Stasis with chest, epigastric or abdominal pain
- Relaxes the sinews, activates the channels and alleviates pain
Wind-Damp Bi with rigidity and spasms
- Reduces swelling and generates flesh
Topically as an ointment or powder to reduce swelling, generate flesh, alleviate pain and promote healing of sores, carbuncles, and traumatic injury
Pain, redness and swelling of the gums, mouth and throat
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Standard Dosage: 3-10g in decoction.
Cautions: This herb is drasticly pungent with strong stimulation to stomach and easily causes nausea and vomiting. So it should not be taken by large dose or for a long time. Use with cautions for patients with weak stomach; prohibited for pregnant women. |
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Mo Yao
| 1.35% | |
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Pinyin: Mo Yao
Chinese: 沒藥
Pharmaceutical: Resina Commiphorae
Taxonomy: Commiphora mukul
English: Myrrh |
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Tastes: Pungent, Bitter, Neutral
Meridians Entered: Heart, Liver and Spleen |
Actions & Indications:
- Invigorates the Blood, dispels Blood Stasis, alleviates pain and reduces swelling
Blood Stasis with pain from trauma, sores, carbuncles, swellings, fixed abdominal masses, painful obstruction, chest pain, abdominal pain and amenorrhea
- Generates flesh and promotes healing
Chronic non-healing sores
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Standard Dosage: 3-10g in decocotion.
Cautions: Like Ru Xiang this herb is drastically pungent with strong stimulation to stomach and easily causes nausea and vomiting. It should not be taken by large dose or for a long time. Use with cautions for patients with weak stomach; prohibited for pregnant women. |
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Feng La
| 13.60% | |
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Pinyin: Feng La
Chinese: 蜂蜡
Pharmaceutical: Cera Flava
English: Beeswax |
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Tastes: Sweet, slightly warm
Meridians Entered: Spleen |
Actions & Indications:
- Arrests discharges, promotes healing of wounds, promotes tissue regeneration and alleviate pain
Ulcer which is difficult to heal, wounds, burns and scalds, ecthyma erosion, ulcerated trauma
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of animal products which can boost the Qi, make one free from hunger, and siow aging. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生) but is not recommended for protracted taking like many other superior class products.
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Standard Dosage: Melted into Ma You in approx 1:3 - 1:9 ratio to make external ointments.
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Ma You
| 78.40% | | |
Pinyin: Ma You
Chinese: 香油
Pharmaceutical: Oleum Sesami
English: Sesame Oil |
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Tastes: Sweet, cool
| Actions & Indications:
- Moistens Dryness
- Promotes bowel movement
- Neutralizes toxins
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Standard Dosage: Normally used as a medium for external applications.
Cautions: It is contraindicated in case of spleen deficiency and loose stool. |
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