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Sheng Di Huang
| 5g | |
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Pinyin: Sheng Di Huang
Chinese: 生地黃
Pharmaceutical: Radix Rehmanniae
Taxonomy: Rehmannia glutinosa
English: Chinese Foxglove Root / Rehmannia Root |
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Tastes: Sweet, bitter, cold
Meridians Entered: Heart, Liver, Stomach and Kidney |
Actions & Indications:
- Clears Heat and cools the Blood
Ying Stage Heat with high fever, thirst and a scarlet tongue
Xue Stage Heat
Hemorrhage due to Blood Heat
- Nourishes Yin, generates fluids, increases saliva and treats wasting and thirsting
Yin Deficiency with Heat signs
Injury to fluids
Throat pain due to Yin Deficiency
Wasting and thirsting disorder (消渴 Xiao Ke - diabetes)
- Cools Heart Fire
Heart Fire
- Calms the Spirit agitated by Parasites damaging the Yin
Gu Sydnrome (Fruehauf, 1998)
Chronic inflammatory disease (Fruehauf, 2015)
- Breaks up Blood Stasis, expels Cold and Hot Bi, replenishes Bone Marrow and promotes the growth of Muscles and Flesh
Broken bones or severed sinews from falls and a damaged center (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing)
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, make the body light, and prevent forgetfulness. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 10-15g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated in cases of diarrhea, abdomen distention due to spleen deficiency. |
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Yi Yi Ren
| 5g | |
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Pinyin: Yi Yi Ren
Chinese: 薏苡仁
Pharmaceutical: Semen Coicis
Taxonomy: Coix lacryma-jobi
English: Job's Tears / Chinese Pearl Barley |
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Tastes: Sweet, Bland, Slightly Cold
Meridians Entered: Spleen, Stomach and Lung |
Actions & Indications:
- Strengthens the Spleen and resolves Dampness
Dampness Stagnation or Spleen Deficiency Dampness with diarrhoea, leg Qi, painful urinary dribbling
Damp-Warmth (treats root and manifestations)
- Expels Wind-Dampness and relieves pain
Wind-Damp Bi (increases joint mobility and decreases spasms in chronic cases) for stiffness of the muscles, severe arthralgia and joint immobility
- Clears Heat and expels pus
Soft, pustulated carbuncles, Lung and Intestinal abscess
- Clears Damp-Heat
Any Damp-Heat condition at any level with a greasy, white tongue coat and digestive problems
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, make the body light and boost the Qi. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生). At ~70% carbohydrates (Zhu, 2017), this would represent one important source of of this nutrient class which could be had in the amounts that could be foraged, as opposed to farmed, to maintain this kind of diet long term. Its root is also suggested to expel the Three Worms.
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Standard Dosage: 9-30g in decoction.
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Shan Yao
| 2.5g | |
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Pinyin: Shan Yao
Chinese: 山药
Pharmaceutical: Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Taxonomy: Dioscorea polystachya syn. batatas
English: Chinese Yam / Shu Yu |
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Tastes: Sweet, neutral
Meridians Entered: Spleen, Lung and Kidney |
Actions & Indications:
- Tonifies the Spleen, nourishes Stomach Yin and stops diarrhoea
Spleen or Stomach Deficiency with diarrhoea, fatigue, spontaneous sweating and anorexia
- Tonifies Lung Qi and nourishes Lung Yin
Lung Qi and/or Yin Deficiency with chronic cough
- Tonifies Kidney Yin and astringes Jing
Kidney Qi Deficiency with spermatorrhea, urinary frequency and vaginal discharge
消渴 Xiao Ke due to Qi and Yin Deficiency
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, sharpen the ears and eyes, make the body light, make one free from hunger and prolong life. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生). Despite being a starchy vegetable, this may still have been an appropriate addition to a ketogenic diet as the starches are mostly resistant and many of its other compounds have been shown to have blood glucose reducing effects, making it a potential important source of this essential nutrient group while engaging in a low carbohydrate diet.
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Standard Dosage: 5-30g in decoction. Very large doses, up to 500g have been used in trials for diabetes management.
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Shan Zhu Yu
| 2.5g | |
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Pinyin: Shan Zhu Yu / Shan Yu Rou
Chinese: 山茱萸 / 山萸肉
Pharmaceutical: Fructus Corni
Taxonomy: Cornus officinalis
English: Dogwood Fruit |
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Tastes: Sour, slightly warm
Meridians Entered: Liver and Kidney |
Actions & Indications:
- Stabilizes the Kidneys and astringes Jing and Body Fluids
Leakage of fluids due to weak Jing with urinary frequency, incontinence, spermatorrhea and excessive sweating
- Stops excessive sweating and supports that which has collapsed
Collapse of Qi with excessive sweating and shock
Devastated Yang with excessive sweating and shock
Sweating mistakenly induced as a treatment
- Tonifies Liver and Kidney Yin and strengthens Kidney Yang
Lightheadedness, dizziness, soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees or impotence due to Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency and Kidney Yang Deficiency
- Stabilizes the menses and stops bleeding
Excessive uterine bleeding and prolonged menstruation due to Deficiency (weak effect)
- Expels Cold-Dampness and Evil Qi
The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing places this in the middle class of woods and says it treats "evil qi below the heart and cold and heat. It warms the centre and expels Cold-Damp Bi."
- Aids fasting
The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing says this herb can, with protracted taking, make the body light. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
- Removes the Three Worms
The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing also says that it removes the Three Worms. These may refer to difficult to treat metabolic disorders caused by overindulgence and should be accompanied by fasting, meditation and exercise regimes.
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Standard Dosage: 5-10g in decoction.
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Zhu Ling
| 2.5g | |
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Pinyin: Zhu Ling
Chinese: 猪苓
Pharmaceutical: Polyporus Sclerotium
Taxonomy: Polyporus umbellatus / Grifola frondosa
English: Umbrella Polypore Mushroom |
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Tastes: Sweet, bland, neutral
Meridians Entered: Kidney, and Bladder |
Actions & Indications:
- Promotes urination and leaches out Dampness
Dampness (Fluid Stagnation) with oedema, scanty urination, vaginal discharge, turbid painful urinary dysfunction (Milky Lin), jaundice and diarrhoea
Can be used alone for Lin Syndrome during pregnancy
- Dispels Damp-Heat
Damp-Heat with turbid painful urinary dysfunction (Milky Lin) and jaundice
- Resolves Nue (Malaria) and Toxicity
The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing places it in the lower class of herbs and says it treats "Nue and resolves Toxicity."
- Expels Gu through the urine
The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing says it treats "Gu Toxins, Gu possession, and ill omens (不祥) by benefiting the waterways."
- Aids fasting
The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing mentions that, with protracted taking, it makes the body light and slows ageing. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 6-12g in decoction. Mushrooms should ideally be decocoted for at least 40 minutes and preferably 1-2 hours to fully extract the polysaccharides from within the chitin cell walls.
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Tao Ren
| 2g | |
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Pinyin: Tao Ren
Chinese: 桃仁
Pharmaceutical: Semen Persicae
Taxonomy: Prunus persica
English: Peach Seed |
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Tastes: Bitter, sweet, neutral, lightly toxic
Meridians Entered: Heart, Liver, Lung and Large Intestine |
Actions & Indications:
- Breaks up Blood Stasis and invigorates Blood circulation
Menstrual disorders, abdominal pain, traumatic injury, flank pain, Lung abscess and Intestinal abscess with fixed abdominal masses associated with Blood Stasis
- Moistens the Intestines and unblocks the bowels
Constipation due to dry Intestines
- Drains abscesses
Lung and Intestinal abscesses
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Standard Dosage: 5-10g in decoction.
Cautions: Prohibited for pregnant women. Use with cautions for loose stool. Not overuse because of its toxicity. |
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Mu Dan Pi
| 2g | |
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Pinyin: Mu Dan Pi
Chinese: 牡丹皮
Pharmaceutical: Cortex radicis Moutan
Taxonomy: Paeonia suffruticosa
English: Tree Peony Root Bark / Moutan Peony Root Bark |
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Tastes: Bitter, pungent, light cold
Meridians Entered: Heart, Liver and Kidney |
Actions & Indications:
- Clears Heat and cools (and harmonizes) the Blood
Xue Stage Heat with epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis or subcutaneous bleeding
Menorrhagia due to Blood Heat
- Clears Deficiency Fire
Yin Deficiency Heat signs especially in the aftermath of Warm Febrile Disease with fever at night and coolness in the morning (most appropriate when the is no sweating)
- Invigorates the Blood and dispels Blood Stasis
Blood Stasis with amenorrhea, abdominal masses, lumps or bruises due to trauma
Liver Blood Stagnation
- Clears Liver Fire
Liver Fire with headache, eye pain, flank pain, flushing and dysmenorrhea
- Drains pus and reduces swelling
Non-draining sores (topical)
Intestinal abscesses (internal)
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Standard Dosage: 6-12g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated in cases of profuse menstruation and pregnant women. |
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Ze Xie
| 2g | |
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Pinyin: Ze Xie
Chinese: 澤瀉
Pharmaceutical: Rhizoma Alismatis
Taxonomy: Alisma plantago-aquatica seu orientale
English: Water Plantain Rhizome |
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Tastes: Sweet, bland, cold
Meridians Entered: Kidney and Bladder |
Actions & Indications:
- Promotes urination and leaches out Dampness
Stagnation due to Dampness with urinary difficulty, painful urinary dysfunction, diarrhoea and dizziness
Especially useful for Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao
- Settles Ministerial Fire in the Kidneys by draining Damp-Heat from the lower Jiao
Spermatorrhea due to Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao disturbing the ministerial Fire of the Kidneys
- Drains Kidney Fire
Kidney Yin Deficiency with Fire Rising
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, sharpen the ears and eyes, make one free from hunger, prolong life, make the body light, render the face brilliant, and enable one to walk over water. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 4.5-15g in decoction. Sometimes up to 30g in extreme cases.
Cautions: Overdose, extended use or combination with diuretic drugs could cause electrolyte imbalance due to diuretic effect. |
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Fu Ling
| 2g | |
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Pinyin: Fu Ling
Chinese: 茯苓
Pharmaceutical: Poria
Taxonomy: Poria cocos syn. Wolfiporia extensa
English: China-Root / Hoelen / Tuckahoe / Indian Bread |
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Tastes: Sweet, bland, neutral
Meridians Entered: Heart, Spleen, and Kidney |
Actions & Indications:
- Strengthens the Spleen and harmonizes the Middle Jiao
Spleen Deficiency Dampness with anorexia, diarrhoea and epigastric distention
- Strengthens the Spleen
Phlegm Dampness due to Spleen Deficiency with thin mucus in which Phlegm moves upward manifesting as palpitations, headache, dizziness and a thick, greasy tongue coat
- Promotes urination and leaches out Dampness
Urinary difficulty, diarrhoea or oedema due to Stagnation of Fluids or Dampness
- Quiets the Heart, calms the Spirit and soothes the nerves
Palpitations, insomnia or forgetfulness due to either Spleen and Heart Insufficiency or Internal Obstruction of Turbid Phlegm
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, quiet the Hun, nourish the Shen, make one free from hunger and prolong life. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 9-15g in decoction.
Cautions: It is contraindicated for spermatorrhea due to deficiency-cold. |
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Bai Zhu
| 1.5g | |
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Pinyin: Bai Zhu
Chinese: 白朮
Pharmaceutical: Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephalae
Taxonomy: Atractylodes macrocephala
English: Largehead Atracylodes Rhizome |
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Tastes: Sweet, bitter, warm
Meridians Entered: Spleen and Stomach |
Actions & Indications:
- Tonifies the Spleen and augments Qi
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency with diarrhoea, fatigue, a sallow complexion and lack of appetite
Spleen Yang failure to rise
- Dries Dampness and promotes water metabolism
Spleen Damp or accumulation of fluids affecting the digestion
Edema and reduced urination due to Spleen Deficiency (failure to transform and transport)
Tan Yin, masses, swelling
Auxiliary for Damp painful obstruction
- Stabilizes the Exterior and stops sweating
Qi Deficiency with spontaneous sweating (Wei Qi Deficiency)
With appropriate herbs, other types of sweating
- Calms the fetus
Restless fetus disorder due to Spleen Qi Deficiency
With appropriate herbs, other types of Restless Fetus Disorder
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, make the body light, prolong life and make one free from hunger. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 6-12g in decoction.
Cautions: Use with cautions in cases of yin deficiency with fluid injury by dryness-heat pathogen. |
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Gan Cao
| 1.5g | |
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Pinyin: Gan Cao
Chinese: 甘草
Pharmaceutical: Radix Glycyrrhizae
Taxonomy: Glycyrrhiza uralensis seu glabra seu inflata
English: Liquorice Root |
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Tastes: Sweet, slightly cold
Meridians Entered: Heart, Lung and Spleen (and all 12 meridians) |
Actions & Indications:
- Tonifies the Spleen and augments Qi
Spleen Qi Deficiency with shortness of breath, lassitude and loose stools
Qi and Blood Deficiency with an irregular pulse and/or palpitations
Heart Qi Deficiency or Heart Yang Deficiency
- Moistens the Lungs, resolves Phlegm and stops coughing
Lung Heat or Cold
Productive or non-productive coughing
- Moderates spasms and alleviates pain
Painful muscle spasms of the abdomen and legs
- Clears Heat and relieves Fire Toxicity
Raw for Toxic Heat with sore throat or carbuncles and sores (Chuang Yung)
- Antidote for many toxic substances (internal and topical)
Poisoning
Bites (after washing the wound, chew Gan Cao and apply a thick layer on the bite wound, changing whenever it dries out; Bao Xiang-Ao, 1846, New Compilation of Proven Formulas)
- Moderates and harmonizes the harsh properties of other herbs and guides the herbs to all twelve channels
Often added in small doses to harmonise formulas
- Tonifies the Qi while suppressing Parasites
Gu Sydnrome (Fruehauf, 1998)
Chronic inflammatory disease (Fruehauf, 2015)
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, make the body light and prolong life. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: Typically 1.5-9g in decoction. Large doses can be up 30g.
Cautions: It is contraindicated for combining with Hai Zao, Da Ji, Gan Sui and Yuan Hua because of "eighteen antagonisms". It is also contraindicated in cases of dampness obstruction in middle energizer and edema because it can help dampness obstruct qi, and it is prohibited from long-term usage in large dosage (more than 20g/day) and should be avoided or used with extreme caution in patients with high blood pressure because it may raise aldosterone levels in the blood causing retention of sodium.
The NHS recommends avoiding during pregnancy. |
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Gui Zhi
| 1g | |
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Pinyin: Gui Zhi
Chinese: 桂枝
Pharmaceutical: Ramulus Cinnamomi
Taxonomy: Cinnamomum cassia
English: Cinnamon Twig |
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Tastes: Pungent, sweet, warm
Meridians Entered: Lung, Heart, Kidney, Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Releases the Exterior, assists Yang, adjusts the Ying and Wei and releases the muscle layer
Taiyang Wind Strike (Taiyang Zhongfeng, 太阳中风) - a weak person who catches cold easily with spontaneous sweating, aversion to drafts, fever and chills, nasal congestion, stiff and aching head and muscles
- Warms the channels and collaterals to relieve pain
Wind-Cold-Damp Bi
- Unblocks Yang and transforms Qi and thin mucus
Edema due to Cold-Phlegm or Yang Qi Deficiency with urinary dysfunction, dizziness and palpitations
- Assists Heart Yang and warms and facilitates the flow of Yang Qi in the chest
Palpitations due to Yang Obstruction in the chest due to Stagnation or Deficiency
Listless chest Yang with upward movement of Phlegm and thin mucus and disorderly descent of Lung Qi with shortness of breath, chest and back pain and palpitations
Heart and Spleen Yang Deficiency
- Warms and facilitates the flow of Qi through the channels and collaterals and Blood through the vessels
Wind-Cold-Damp Bi
Blood Stasis due to Cold, causing amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea with or without abdominal masses
- Warms the Middle and directs Turbid Yin downward
Middle Jiao Yang Deficiency
Heart and Spleen Yang Deficiency (patient usually craves sweets)
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, make the body light, prevent forgetfulness, and render the face bright and efflorescent, thus forever looking charming, like a child's face. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 3-10g in decoction for exterior conditions, or up to 15g for Bi Syndromes.
Cautions: This herb induces heat, damages the yin and moves blood. It is prohibited for those with warm pathogens, yin deficiency with effulgent fire, or reckless movement of the blood due to heat in the blood. Use with caution in pregnant women. |
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Rou Gui
| 1g | |
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Pinyin: Rou Gui
Chinese: 肉桂
Pharmaceutical: Cortex Cinnamomi
Taxonomy: Cinnamomum cassia
English: Cinnamon Bark |
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Tastes: Pungent, sweet, hot
Meridians Entered: Kidney, Spleen, Heart and Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Warms the Kidneys, Spleen and Heart and strengthens Yang and Ming Men Fire
Kidney Yang Deficiency and Deficiency of Ming-Men Fire with aversion to Cold, cold limbs, weak back, impotence and urinary frequency
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency with abdominal pain and Cold, reduced appetite and diarrhoea
Kidney Unable to Grasp Qi
Heart Yang Deficiency, particularly with chest Bi
- Disperses deep Cold, warms the channels, unblocks the channels and vessels and alleviates pain
Deep Cold causing Qi Stagnation or Blood Stasis with Cold in the Blood causing amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea, Cold-Damp Bi, Yin-type boils (chronic sores that are usually concave and ooze a clear fluid) and sores or abscesses that do not heal
It enters the Blood aspect and, in small amounts, enhances the Blood moving action of other substances
- Leads the Fire back to its source
Upward Floating of Deficient Yang (False Heat, True Cold or Heat Above and Cold Below) with flushed face, wheezing, severe sweating (the sweat pours out like oil), weak and cold lower extremities and a deficient and rootless pulse
Any condition with Heat in the Upper body (dry mouth, sore throat, or teeth which is worse at night) and Cold in the Lower body (Lower back pain, cold lower extremities, diarrhoea and weakness in the proximal portion of the pulse)
- Assists in the generation of Qi and Blood
Chronic Qi and Blood Deficiency (auxiliary)
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the superior class of herbs which can, with protracted taking, enable one to communicate with spirits, make the body light, and prevent forgetfulness. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 1-5g in decoction. It should be decocted later.
Cautions: It is contraindicated for syndrome of yin deficiency with fire effulgent, haemorrhage due to blood heat and pregnant women. It is incompatible with Chi Shi Zhi (nineteen incompatibilities). |
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Xie Bai
| 1g | |
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Pinyin: Xie Bai
Chinese: 薤白
Pharmaceutical: Bulbus Allii macrostemi
Taxonomy: Allium macrostemon
English: Chinese Garlic / Long-Stamen Chive |
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Tastes: Pungent, bitter, warm
Meridians Entered: Lung, Heart, Stomach and Large Intestine |
Actions & Indications:
- Unblocks Yang Qi, disperses turbid Phlegm, alleviates pain, disperses hardenings and disperses Cold Phlegm
Damp-Cold painful obstruction of the chest due to Cold, turbid Phlegm Stagnation preventing the flow of Yang Qi with chest, flank, or upper back pain, dyspnea, cough, wheezing and a stifling sensation in the chest
- Descends Qi, reduces Stagnation and stops diarrhoea
Damp Stagnation in the Large Intestine associated with dysenteric disorders
- Aids fasting
Mentioned in the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as part of the middle class of herbs which can make the body light, free from hunger and slow ageing but is not advised for protracted taking. This may suggest it was part of supplementing the diet when engaging in an "avoiding grain" (Bigu 辟穀) fasting regime to cultivate life (Yangsheng 養生).
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Standard Dosage: 5-10g in decoction.
Cautions: Garlic (Allium Sativum / Da Suan) has a known potential to increase antiplatelet activity meaning it can enhance the effects of anticoagulants, NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). This may also be true of this species of Allium macrostemon considering its effects. |
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Ba Ji Tian
| 1g | | |
Pinyin: Ba Ji Tian
Chinese: 巴戟天
Pharmaceutical: Radix Morindae
Taxonomy: Mornida officinalis
English: Medicinal Indian Mulberry Root / Morinda Root |
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Tastes: Sweet, pungent, slightly warm
Meridians Entered: Kidney and Liver |
Actions & Indications:
- Tonifies the Kidneys and strengthens Yang
Kidney Yang Deficiency with impotence, male or female infertility, premature ejaculation, urinary frequency, Incontinence, irregular menstruation and a cold and painful back
- Disperses Wind-Cold-Damp and strengthens the sinews and bones
Wind-Cold-Damp Bi with Kidney and Liver insufficiency with tight muscles of the lower back and legs, joint pain and difficulty moving
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Standard Dosage: 10-15g in decoction.
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